Waste management or waste disposal includes the processes and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal. It is intended to reduce the adverse effects of waste on human health, the environment, planetary resources, and aesthetics. The aim of waste management is to reduce the dangerous effects of such waste on the environment and human health. They include refuse, reduce, reuse, repurpose, and recycle.
Types of Wastes
Solid wastes – These are the unwanted substances that are discarded by human society. These include urban wastes, industrial wastes, agricultural wastes, biomedical wastes and radioactive wastes.
Liquid wastes – Wastes generated from washing, flushing or manufacturing processes of industries are called liquid wastes.
Waste Management Strategies
Waste Prevention. The ideal waste management alternative is to prevent waste generation in the first place.
Waste Minimization. In many cases, wastes cannot be outright eliminated from a variety of processes.
Recycling and Reuse – Reusing: This involves taking items that might otherwise be considered waste and finding new applications for them, without changing the original form or intent. Recycling: Recycling is the process of taking waste materials and converting them back into raw materials to be used in creating new products.
Biological Treatment – Biological treatment methods use microorganisms, mostly bacteria, in the biochemical decomposition of wastewaters to stable end products. More microorganisms, or sludges, are formed, and a portion of the waste is converted to carbon dioxide, water, and other end products.
Incineration – It is the process of burning hazardous materials at temperatures high enough to destroy contaminants. Incineration is conducted in an “incinerator,” which is a type of furnace designed for burning hazardous materials in a combustion chamber.
Landfill Disposal – A landfill is a facility used for the disposal of solid waste, which can be hazardous or nonhazardous. Beyond complying with all relevant regulations, landfills are also designed to “protect the environment from contaminants,” and cannot be built in places where the environment may be at risk from their presence.
Zero waste means that we send zero discards to the landfill or high-temperature destruction. Instead, products are designed and used according to the principle of highest and best use and the waste reduction hierarchy: Prevent waste. Reduce and reuse first. Recycle and compost.
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